Liquid expressing system



Oct 27, 1942- R. T. ANDERsoN LIQUID EXPRES-SING SYSTEMA s sheets-'sheet 1 Filed July 7, 1939 mmcm Gttornegs 0ct. 27, 1942. n. r. ANDERSON 2,299,784v

LIQUID EXPRESSING )SYSTEM Filed July 7, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 O) L FROM HEAT EXCHANGER.,

Gttornegs 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 7, 1939 .www m5 Snventor Oct- 27, 1942- R. T. ANDERSN l 2,299,784

LIQUID ExPREssING SYSTEM Filed July '7, 1939 5 Sheets-Shadi: 4

Oct. 27, 1942. R. T. ANDERSON LIQUID EXPRESSING SYS-TEM Filed July 7, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 M ai@ Gttornegs on the operating parts of the press. the invention may be applied to various types of l Patented Oct. 27, 1942 UNITED' STATES PATENT ori-*ICE A LIQlJID SYS'TEMi Raymond T. Anderson, Berea, Ohio, assignor to flglgblllltrlxldsligompany, Cleveland, Ohio,

Application July 7,1939, Serial No. 283,283

11 claims. This invention relates to liquid expressing sys-v ,tems' and particularly to systems employing lol. lool-4s) a system of and apparatus for operating presses of the ltype mentioned above so as to prevent excessive temperature rises within the press, thus avoiding discoloration of the oil orY other liquid and possible burning of Asolid expressed material Although press, and such application is contemplated, )it is illustrated in connection with and will probably find its greatest application in presses of the expeller type disclosed in the various patents granted to The V. D. Anderson Company, and reference is made to the following for a general understanding of their structure and operation: Patent No. 829,314 dated Aug. 21, 1906; Patent No. 1,722,882 dated July 30, 1929; Patent No.'

1,773,771 dated Aug. 26,1930; and Patent No. 1,971,632 dated Aug. 28, 1934. i

One of the objects `Aof the invention is to provide means for cooling the press by causing ilow of a cooling medium thereover, and more particularly liquid or oil whichpreferably has been expressed by the press to be cooled. This cool,- ing process may be -applied not only to a horizontal press barrel, but to a vertical press barrel as well, where the press includes it, either by the utilization of gravity iiow or by a forcible spraying of the same. The cooling medium may be applied to either of the barrels alone, or to both of them, depending upon circumstances, but it is preferred that it be applied to both.

Another important object of the invention is the provision of aunitary system by means of which oil from a central collecting point, cham-,- ber or exchanger may beapplied to a plurality of presses simultaneously, and without duplication of parts, as would be necessary it an individual cooling system were employed in connection with each press. n I l The main object of the invention is, therefore, to provide a continuous system of oil or liquid expressing whereby with a continuous feed of material to the inlet, there is a constantdischarge of oil `:from the outlet of the system, as well as a discharge of cake from the various expellers employed. An important and useful as'-v pect of this system is the provision of an overflow or storage bin in which excess material may accumulate whenever the' supply of material to the inlets of the various expellcrs exceeds their combined capacity. In this way, the expellers may be made to operate at full capacity without interruption, and whenever the supply of material to the inlet is lfor any reason interrupted temporarily, the accumulation in the storage bin will ensurea continuous supply of material to the inlets. l

Another importantobject of the invention is the provision o! a central oil supply system embodyingv refinements overl that disclosed in my copenqing application, Serial No. 93,907, Patent No. 2,216,658, dated October 1, 1940, whereby an entire bank of expellers., maybe supplied with cooling oil from a central point, thus avoiding the expense and difliculty of. duplicating oil circulating systems, and ensuring uniform operation of all the expellers in the bank.

Numerous other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a complete oil cooling system embodying the present invention, with parts ofthe conveyers in the system shown in section;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of one of the expeller pressesshown in Fig. 1, illustrating the application of pressure oil cooling to both the horizontal and verticalv barrels or the press;

Fig. 3 is` a rear elevation of the vertical barrel of the4 press shown in Fig. 2, illustrating the arrangement of the oilsupply pipes to provide for forcible spraying of the oil onto a vertical press section; l l

Fig. 4 is a section substantially on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a view in elevation of a single oil cooled press embodying the present invention as it is applied to an oil cooling system in which the verticalpress section is cooled by cascade flow, parts being broken away to show the interior construction;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged `view of a portion of Fig. 5, with portions of the press shownin section to illustrate the path of travel of the cooling oil: l

Fig. 7 is a detail view, partially in section, substantially on the line 1-'1 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the drive end of the press as it is shown in Fig. 5, with the driv- `ing chains in position; and

ol the vertical barrel of Fig. 6, as it is arranged for cascadefiow.

While systems embodying the present invention may take various forms and arrangements, for purposes of illustration, one complete system has been shown in Fig. 1, the parts being indicated more or less diagrammatically in order to simplify the explanation.

Although the apparatus as indicated above may be applied to the treatment of various oleaginous materials containing oil or other liquid to be expressed, for purposes of the present description it will be assumed that the presses or expellers are applied to the expressing of oil from oil bearing materials, such as cottonseed or the like. Accordingly, reference character I5 designates a suitable source of supply of cleaned seeds or meats feeding into the hopper of a grinding mechanism for conditioning the meats for further treatment prior to the expressing of the oil. 'Ihe grinder is designated generally by reference character I6, and while it may take various forms, it will in general consist of parts arranged to reduce the size of the meats to be treated. This reduction facilitates conditioning of the meats for treatment in the expellers for producing a maximum yield of oil of maximum quality, and an expressed cake of low oil content.

The discharge of the grinder may lead into a suitable drier or conditioning apparatus I1 having a rotating element I8 driven from motor I9 through gearing 2l. In this drier the ground meats are reduced in moisture content to a desired amount and are then discharged at 22 into a screw conveyer 23. Leading from a rotary lift 24 is a second screw conveyer 25 having a plurality of discharge pipes 2B and 21 for distributing the material to be expressed to the expellers.

Although but two of the expellers, designated A and B, are shown, it will beobvious that the system is adaptable to any number, applying the principles herein disclosed. The screw conveyer 25 terminates in a discharge pipe 28 leading to an overflow storage bin 29 of a capacity suicient to accommodate a reserve supply of dried ground meats, and to ensure the uniform operation of the expellers even if the supply of material to be expressed be interrupted for a short period, as when replenishing the source of supply of material to be treated, or to perform minor adjustments requiring the stopping of one of the expellers.

The bottom of the storage bin 29 constitutes one terminal of the screw conveyer 23, completing a closed cycle of ow made up-of the screw conveyer 23, rotary lift 24, screw conveyer 25, discharge pipe 28 and storage bin 29. Briefly, when the supply' of material from the drier I1 is just sufllcient to equal the capacity of lthe two expellers, all of the material will be discharged through the pipes 26 and 21 and nothing will be returned to the storage bin through pipe 28. On the other hand, when the supply of material from the drier exceeds the capacity of the expellers, or if for any reason the operation of one of the expellers should be interrupted,

then material will be discharged into the storage bin and will accumulate there'to stabilize the flow of material and to ensure uniform continuous operation of the system.

The expellers shown are of identical construction, consequently a brief description of one of them will be suicient. In this description, reference may be had to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, showing the details.

The first expeller, A, for example, comprises a vertical barrel 32, a horizontal barrel 33 and a tempering or conditioning trough 34. Dried ground meats introduced through the pipe 26 pass through the hopper 35 and are discharged into the tempering or conditioning trough 34. This trough preferably contains a heating jacket 30 and an agitating conveyer 36 designed to agitate the material by back and iorth movement and to cause it to pass slowly from the hopper 35 to the discharge end where it enters the vertical barrel feeding means at 31. The conveyer may, for example, be of the type disclosed in Anderson Patent No. 805,112, dated November 21, 1905.

Expellers of this general type are well known and the details thereof are fully set forth in the Anderson patents above mentioned. For the purposes of the present description, it may be and-motor 43. The vertical barrel 32 is similarly constructed and contains separated worms driven by a suitable means in casing 44. As material is fed from the tempering trough, it enters the vertical lbarrel 32 where its liquid content is partially removed, and it then enters the horizontal barrel to be subjected to further compression. The expressed oil or other liquid, together with the foots, ows outwardly through discharge 45 to a conveyer 46 leading to a discharge pipe 41 associated with a vibrating screen arrangement 48, later to be described. The cake expelled at the discharge end of the expeller is discharged through pipe 49 to conveyer 5I which carries it to a suitable cake storage bin (not shown).

The vibrating screen 48 as shown comprises two vertically aligned spaced sections 52 and 53 in a closed casing 54. The casing is suspended 'by pendulous members 50, so as to permit limited back and forth movement during the operation of the vibrating means. The casing has an oil discharge at 55 leading to an inlet pipe 56 of a screened oil tank 51. A motor 58 mounted on the base of the screen 48 drives suitable vibrating mechanism 59 to vibrate the screens 52 and 53, causing a gradual travel of the foots on the screens to the foots delivery pipe 6I, while the oil after passing the screen sections 52 and 53 in succession is discharged at 55 and delivered to the tank 51. The foots discharged into pipe 6I are delivered to the conveyer 23 where they are fed forward in the cycle and commingle with the dried ground meats discharged into this same conveyer from pipe 22, whence they are fed to the inlets of the various expellers. Inasmuch as the oil discharge lines 45 from both expellers lead to the conveyer 46, all of the oil with the foots contained in it passes through the'vibrating screen Where the coarser foots are screened out and the oil containing the very flne foots is delivered to the screened oil tank.

'I'he screened oil tank 51 has an inclined oor'62 leading to a cooling oil discharge line 63, whence it is fed by suitable means such as centrifugal pump 64 and pipe `65 to a heat exchanger 66. The cooling medium is supplied to and discharged from the exchanger 66 by pipes 61 and 68, while expellers A and B, under a pressure head deter` mined'by the location of the exchanger 66. The tank 51 contains bellies 1l and 12- to cause-air escape from the oil in the tank so that the pump acts on air free oil. The inclination of the oor 62 prevents settling out of the fine foots remaining in the oil and ensures. as far as possible, de-

ylivery of oil of more or less uniform concentration to the pipe 83. A oat switch 13 con-trolling the driving motor 14 for pump 64 serves to pre- -vent passage ofany substantial amount of foots into the agitated oil tank 16, thus reducing the load on the filter. press to which the oil tank discharges under the control of circulating pump 11. As shown, the tank 1B is fed by gravity while the motor 80 which drives pump 11 4is provided with a suitable head under the control of a. float switch 18. -The oil tank 16 contains the product oil whichremains only to be ltered before delivery of the final pure product to a storage point. 'Ihis filtering may be accomplished, as illustrated in the drawings, by a filter press 19 having Aan oil in`1et..8.l from pump 11 and a illtere'd` oil outlet 82 leading to a storage tank 83. I'he f oots and other solid material are discharged from the bottom of the filter press into a trough having a feed screw 85 for conveying the solid material into the screwconveyer 23, where it joins the foots discharged from the presses Aand B and the '40 entering material to be expressed.

Under some conditions the temperature of the cool-ing liquid may be such' as to render use of the exchanger at times unnecessary.'l It may also be necessary at times to isolate the exchanger from the system in order to effectrepairs. A bypass line controlled by valve 65h may be opened while valves 65a and 69h are closed in order to effect this isolation and deliver theoil from pump t4 directly to the line 89. With the exchanger cut out. cooling of the liquid may result from the normal travel of the liquid through the apparatus.

The above description indicates the general operation of the system shown in Fig. 1, with the4 exception of the cooling action which is an important feature of this invention, and will now be described.

The cooled oil from discharge pipe 69 is delivered to the expellers as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, under a pressure head `suilicient to cause forcible ejection of the oil againstand spraying over the press barrels with consequent cooling of the barrels and removal of the foots therefrom. This action maintains the temperature of the barrels ywithin a range which prevents discoloration of the oil, and avoids hardening of thejoots on the press barrel or burning .of the same, either of which would introduce impurities in the discharged material.

Referring now to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, the cool oil discharge pipe 89 leads to the right hand end of the vertical barrel 32 and supplies a pipe 89a having a plurality of spaced discharge or spray openings 88 therein and in line with the sections of the barrel 32 where the barrel bars are ex- I posed between the barrel rings. As many of the tions to be cooled and the openings give the` openings 88 are provided as there are barrel secsprayed liquid a substantial diverging spread, the arrangement being well shown inFig. 3. The pipe 89a is U-shaped and has oil spray openings in both legs thereof and its outflow end leads through pipe 88 to a similar U-arrangement 81 on the left hand side of the vertical barrel and containing spray openings 88. larranged similarly to those already described. The discharge end ot U-section 81 leads through pipe 88 to'a T 9| having at either end a depending U-shaped titting 92. Each of the ttings 82 has two depending legs 93 and 94 terminating in discharge openings located adjacent the barrel bars of the press and provided with spouts 95 having opposed baiiies 95d and 15e so arranged that two diverging streams of oil flow from each of the baiiies onto two adjacent sections of the barrel bars. As shown in Fig. 2, the exposed barrel bar sections D and E are each bathed with cooling oil from the streams coming from the deliecting -baiiles 95d and 95e, resp ectively. 'I'heremaining sections to the left are bathed by liquid from the spray pipe associated with them, thuse completing the delivery to the horizontal barrel .ofthe press, with the exception of section C whichis mounted underneath a portion of the clamping means for the vertical barrel 32. This barrel bar section C is supplied with oil sprayed over the vertical barrel and discharging through an opening 96 .provided in the barrelV ring 91. adjacent the bottom of the vertical barrel.

It will be understood upon reference to Fig. 1 that the oil iiows over the horizontal and vertical barrels to the chamber in the expeller base where it mingles with the foots and oil discharged from the expellers and is delivered through .pipes I5 tothe vibrating screen for screening and circulation along with the newly expressed oil:

'I'he arrangement shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 has the outstanding advantage that a complete bathing of the vertical barrel is ensured by oil under sufiicient. pressure to cause its distribution over .the whole barrel section with enough f orce to ensure removal of the foots before they dry and harden on the barrel. At the Sametime, the oil delivered to the `horizontal barrel is vevenly distributed over all of the sections, and by' adjustment of the deectors such delivery may be assured at all times with the consequent uniform cooling of the barrel bars andcomplete removal of foots accumulated thereon. In the arrangement shownbyvwayv of example the oil and foots from all of the presses are collected in and distributed Irom a single chamber or tank.

The use of a system embodying forcible' spraying of cooling oil onto the vertical barrel of the press oil'ers the advantages which have been set forth. It requires, however, screening of the oil for the removal of atleast the coarser foots, otherwise the discharge nozzlesmay clog and prevent or interfere with adequate circulation.

Where a system is too small to justify the'expense of operating avibrating screen. or,where 1 other factors makeit undesirable to use such apparatus, cascade flowwithout spraying may be `relied upon for-distributing the cooling oil over the vertical barrel.

A cascade flow system is illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9, particularly as' applied to a single expeller, but obviously other arrangements, withinthe scope of the claims, are contemplated.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 a single expeller having horizontal and vertical barrels and the usual conditioning and tempering apparatus is cooled by a system in which cooled oil from a heat exchanger pours over the horizontal barrel as in Fig. 2, but is delivered to the top of the vertical barrel wherein it cascades over the various sectionsof the barrel until it reaches the oil discharge trough at the bottom of the machine.

In the description of the embodiment shown in'Fig. 5, reference may also be had to Figs. 6, 1 and 8 showing details of the arrangement and the circuits through which the entering material, the oil and the foots travel.

An expelier of the Anderson type is shown Fig. 5 and comprises horizontal and vertical bartion with Figs. 2 and 3. In this embodiment,

however, the clamping rings associated with the vertical barrel are designed to permit cascading flow of cooling oil from the top to the bottom of the barrel. Other diversities of structure are in-` dicated by way of example to show that the invention is not limited in any way to any one particular .arrangement of the press.

The press comprises a base adapted to receive and discharge expressed oil and foots which are conveyed by a screw conveyer |02 (see Fig. 6) Mounted above the base |0| 'in the usual manner is the horizontal barrel |03 connected to a vertical barrel |04. A packing ring |00 interposed at the base of the vertical barrel where it joins the horizontal barrel seals the connection and prevents extrusion of material between the two., An arcuate plate |00a performs -a similar function at the point where the barrel rings of the vertical barrel overlap the horizontal barrel. This plateb takes the place of the barrel bar ends on the op posite side of the barrel. The feed hopper leading to the vertical barrel is adapted to besupplied with material from a tempering or con., ditioning apparatus |00 made up, as here shown.' of three sections. A feed hopper |01 is adapted to receive material fed by means such as an endless screw |00, and to supply it to the inlet' of top tempering apparatus section |03 through which it is conveyed and discharged at to the right hand end of the middle section lf2.

Material from section |I2 after traversing that section, enters the bottom section ||4 through pipe III. The material is fed from left toright in the section ||4 by agitating and conveying mechanism ||5 which delivers it to the feed` section ||4 ofthe tempering apparatus receives its drive through sprocket I1. The shaft carrying the conveying mechanism ||5 communicates its drive at the end of the tempering apparatus adjacent the inlet |01 to the middle section of the tempering apparatus. Again, at the right hand end of the middle section, a chain and sprocket connection |3| communicates the drive to the shaft of the agitator in the top section |09 of the tempering apparatus.

As above stated, the main drive shaft |23 receives its drive from motor |24. A sprocket |32 together with a sprocket chain |33 drives suit- Y able oil conveying means such as a centrifugal heating jackets may be supplied with steam from any suitable source, while the conveying apparatus associated with each section of the tempering device is driven through a sprocket ||1, re-

ceiving its drive through chain ||0 and pinion ||3 (see Fig. 8). Pinion H9 is carried on a stub shaft which also carries a sprocket |2| meshing .with main drive chain |22 actuated from the shaft |23 directly driven from motor |24. The

pump |34 over a circuit which will be traced hereinafter. The shaft |23 also drives a sprocket chain |35 which through a sprocket |35 drives a stub shaft |31. This stub shaft carries ni addition to the sprocket |35 an intermediate beveled pinion meshing with a bevel gear |30 attached to one end of the shaft of screw conveyer |39 for elevating the foots from a chamber |4| to which they are discharged by the endless screw conveyer |02. The stub shaft |31 also carries a. small pinion driving a sprocket chain |42 which communicates its movement through a pinion |43 to the shaft |44 of the endless screw conveyer |02.

Material to be expressed is fed to .the inlet feed hopper |01 and after passing through the tempering apparatus where it is thoroughly conditioned as to moisture content and given a uniform temperature throughout, it discharges into the feed chute |05, where it is conveyed downwardly and the screw flights |45 in cooperation with the barrel bars |45 and the associated knife bars express a portion of the oily or liquid material, dis

charging it through the bottom of the feed chute at |41 into the chamber in the base of the press. As indicated, the bottom of feed chute |41 is made up of spaced bars forming a perforate structure through which a'portion of the liquid expressed in the vertical barrel of the feed press escapes to the chamber in the base. The details of the arrangement are illustrated in the patents to Anderson 1,780,218, dated November 4, 1930, and 1,780,961, dated November 11, 1930. The solid material is picked up by the feed screw |40 and conveyed from right toleft, where it is acted upon by the endless screw flights |43 in cooperation with the knife bars |5| in the usual manner, to provide further expressing of the oil or other liquid from the solid material. Here, again, the expressed oil and foots are discharged into the base of the machine. The material, after the expressing of the oil therefrom, is discharged at the outlet end of the press in the form of cake, in the usual manner.

The expressed foots and oil are caused to flow by the endless screw conveyer |02 to the chamber |4|. Associated with this chamber is a. slide valve |52 having an operating lever |50 -by means of which the bottom of the chamber can be closed oil when oil cooling is to be carried out. When this slide valve is open, the foots and oil discharge through the pipe |53 to a trough |54 containing an endless screw conveyer |55. Liquid escaping around the slide valve |52 flows into the diverging hopper portion |50 of pipe |53 and is directed into the trough |54. The screw conveyer may deliver the foots and oil to any suitable location for further treatment.

The endless screw conveyer |02 is disposed in the bottom of the chamber where the foots tend to collect by gravitation. The oil chamber also contains an oil discharge connection |50` connected slightly above the normal level of oil in the chamber, this level being designated I51Vin Fig. 5. `A pipe |58 connects the discharge |56 to the trough |54 where the overflowing oil and foam is delivered, by-passing the slide valve |52 v and regardless of the operation or lack of operation of the oil cooling system.

The operation just described is the normal operation of the expeller beforethe application of oil cooling thereto. When oil cooling is employed, `additional apparatus is required. `That apparatus and its mode of operation will now be set forth, with particular reference to the structures illustrated in Figs. 6, 7 and 9.

Mountedabove the main press of Fig. is a heat exchanger |59 adapted to receive oil from a .pipe |6| communicating with an oil collecting `through pipe |6| to the heat exchanger which ls cooled `by a suitable cooling liquid supplied through inlet connection |65 and discharge connection |66. After passing in heat exchange relation with the cooling liquid or water, the cooled oil is discharged at the bottom of the exchanger through a pipe |61 having two branches |66 and |66 connected to U-fittings 92 similar to the fittings 62 already described in connection with Fig. j 2, andhaving ,the same function, namely, of directing cooling oil over the ,barrel bar sections in a volume and at a temperature suiiicient to maintain the press temperature below that which cooling oil is,of course, discharged into the. chamber in the `base of the machine along with the oil which is expressed. The bottom of the exchanger also contains another discharge pipe |1| leading to a U-tting |12 adapted to supplycooling oil for the vertical section of the press. The de-` tails of this arrangement will be best understood by reference to Fig. 9, in which the vertical barrel bar assembly is indicated with the top section removed. This assembly comprises the usual barrel bars |13 held in assembled relation by barrel rings |14 each in two sections interposedat two spaced points diametrically opposed to one another. `In the assembly, knife bars |15 are held in place by wedging means |16. The barrel rings. with the exception of the top ring |11 which is special, carry .oil confining rims |16 cooperating with openings |16 within the contines thereof. These rims cause oil accumulation to a depth and over an area to ensure contact with the exposed barrel bar section for the depth of the chamlber. For example, the barrel .bar sections |14a of Fig.A 9, when placed in superposed relation,4

form a cascading flow path f'for cooling oil which enters opening I6| in barrel bar section |11a and iiows across the chamber within rim |16a, bathing the barrel section andpdischarging through opening |19a into the chamber formed in the barrel bar ring next below. It then flows through 'would char the foots or discolor the oil.` 'Ihis opening |62 to the space |64 vbelow and across through another opening, which discharges it into the chamber formed on barrel ring section |65. The rim |66 of this's'ection is interrupted at |61 and affords an oil discharge path by which the oil overflows and returns to the ^space in the expeller base.

'Ihe flow from the other branch of fitting |12 opening |83, across the chamber defined by rim' |16b, through the opening |19b to the chamber |66 next below. l It then flows through the open-V ing |69 (see Fig. 6) associated with chamber |66 and drenches the horizontal barrel bar section C which is next to and partially under the projecting portions of thevertical barrel bar assembly. Consequently, this oil also is returned to the chamber in the base of the expeller. ,In this way cooling oil `ilows continuously in contact with the exposed arcuate portions of the vertical barrel.

Having described the path of oil circulation it will now be pointed out how the arrangement shown in Fig. '1 may be applied to a system of the type shown in Fig. 1 with the utilization of oil cooling means. The base ofthe machine contains the screw conveyer |02 for conveying ioots and oil to chamber |4|. the screw conveyer |36 to elevate the foots `col lected in the chamber. The discharge level for the conveyer |36 designated |6| is slightly abovel the A top of the baiiles |63 and |64 so as to make it impossible for oil to escape from chamber |4| except turn to the oil chamber in the expeller bottom.

as previously described. Foots accumulating in the chamber 4|- by the separating action of .baiiles |63 and |64 will be elevated by screw conveyer |36 anddischa'rged at |92. The chamber |4| is preferably closed by a cover plate |93 through which access may be had to the chamber for the cleaning of the baiiies |63 and |64 or other repair, cleaning or adjustment purposes.

It is'to be understood that the invention Iin its various aspects as set forth above lends itself to numerous applications which will be apparent from the description. Practice of the invention results in the production of a high quality of oil of excellent color and purity and of a cake which is of superior quality and of low oil content. Discoloration of the oil due to excessive temperature 'rise is absolutely precluded, while the accumulapreferably in the neighborhood of 210. Soy

beans should be expressed atal temperature of the order of 270 F. With corn germs, nuts and other fibrous materials which generate heat and tend vto explode at the discharge of the expeller barrel, the temperatures will vary with the particular material. In the pressing of materials of animal origin, lsuch as fat, cracklings, and the like, the temperature range. is determined by the point at which the expressed liquid begins to discolor and may be determined by experiment. The iigures given will suice for thev description.

s The term straining employed herein is used in its broad generic sense.

Itis to be understood that where reference is chamber m centaine made to fluid or liquid cooling medium it does not preclude the presence in that medium of some solid matter. For example, in expressing oil from copra with a press of the interrupted screw type the expressed oil always contains some solids or foots which are removed by filtering or screening, or both, before the oil is suitable for oil cooling purposes. Where oil containing foots is employed as a press cooling medium, the presence of foots does not hinder or affect the cooling action so long as the delivery ducts are of ample capacity to permit free ilow ofthe medium.

The system may be employed in any relation, whatever the type of expeller or press employed, and the presses may vary in number, limited only by the location in which the assembly is placed. By the provision of the storage bin illustrated in Fig. 1, the flexibility of the system is increased enormously and idleness of the expellers due to a temporary failure in supply of material is avoided. By this arrangement, it becomes possible to stop one expeller temporarily for adjustment or repairs without shutting down the entire system. It is to be understood, furthermore, 'that while particular types of machines have been illustrated, any equivalent means may be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

What is claimed is: 1. In a liquid expressing system a main press including a barrel having liquid expressing means therein; a feeding press including a barrel discharging into said main press barrel and also having liquid expressing means therein; means for supplying cooling liquid expressed by said presses to the barrel of the main vpress to cool the same; and means for forcibly spraying the cooling liquid onto the barrel of the feeding press.

2. In a liquid expressing system a press unit comprising a main press having a barrel with liquid expressing means therein and a feeding press including a vertical barrel discharging into said main press barrel, said vertical barrel also having liquid expressing means therein; means for supplying cooling liquid expressed by said main and feeding presses to the main press barrel; means for supplying cooling liquid to the top of the feeding press barrel; and means for directing flow of cooling liquid in a tortuous downward path including in succession down- I ward, lateral and downward steps in which the cooling liquid is brought in contact with a substantial portion of the vertical barrel.

3. In a liquid expressing system a main press including a barrel having liquid expressing means therein; a feeding press including a barrel having liquid expressing means therein, said feeding press barrel being arranged to discharge material under treatment into the main barrel; means for flowing at least a portion of the liquid expressed by said expressing means over said main and feeding press barrels to cool the same; and heat exchanging means for cooling said expressed liquid before it is delivered to the flowing means.

4.'In a liquid expressing system a plurality of press units each comprising a main press of the interrupted screw type having a perforate barrel with liquid expressing means therein and a feeding press of the interrupted screw type including a perforate barrel having liquid expressing means therein, said feeding press barrel being arranged to discharge material under treatment into the main press barrel; a single collecting chamber for expressed liquid from all of said presses; means lfor cooling a portion of the liquid collected in said chamber; means for circulating the cooled liquid-and passing it in heat exchanging relation to said main and feeding press barrels to cool the same; and means for returning the cooling liquid to said chamber after it has absorbed heat from said barrels. y

5. In a liquid expressing system a plurality of presses of the expeller type and each having a horizontal main press barrel and a vertical feeding press -barrel for expressing liquid from material containing the same; a common means for 'feeding all of said presses with material to be treated; a common means for collecting the liquid expressed by all of said presses; means for circulating liquid from said collecting means and showering it over the main press barrels of all of said presses; and means for forcibly spraying a portion at least of said liquid against the vertical feeding press barrels of said presses.

6. In combination with a press of the interrupted screw type adapted to express oil from materials fed thereto; means comprising a press of lthe interrupted screw type for feeding such material to the intake end of the press under pressure; and means for forcibly spraying cooling medium over substantially the entire exterior surface of said feeding means.

'i'. In combination with a press adapted to ex- I press oil from materials fed thereto; means for feeding such material to the intake endlof the press under pressure; means for cooling the oil expressed by said press and flowing a portion of said oil over the press; and means for forcing a portion of the cooled oil under pressure against the exterior of the feeding means;

8. In combination with a press having a perforate barrel adapted to express oil from material fed thereto; means disposed substantially at right angles to said press for feeding the material to the intake end of the press under pressure; means for spraying cooled oil against substantially the entire exterior surface of said 4feeding means; and means for spraying cooled oil upon the exterior surface of the press barrel.

9. In combination with a press of the inter-` rupted screw type adapted to express oil from materials fed thereto: feeding means including a perforate barrel containing interrupted screw means for forcing the material to be treated into the intake end of the press under pressure; means for cooling at least a portion of the expressed oil; and means for forcibly spraying such cooled oil under pressure against the exterior of the press and against the exterior surface of the barrel of the feeding means.

10. In a liquid expressing system a press unit comprising a main press having a barrel with liquid expressing means therein and a feeding press including a vertical barrel discharging into said main press barrel, said vertical barrel also having liquid expressing means therein; means for supplying cooling liquid expressed by said main and feeding presses to the main press barrel; means for supplying a portion of said cooling liquid to the top of the feeding press barrel; and means for directing flow of said' cooling liquid in a tortuous downward path made' up of downward, lateral and downward steps in succession, and only in said lateral paths contacting the barrel whereby the cooling liquid is brought in contact with a substantial portion of the vertical barrel.

11. In an expressing system, a main press of the interrupted screw type including a perforate barrel having expressing means therein, and a vertical feeding press of the interrupted screw type also having a'periorate barrel with expressing means therein. and discharging into the main V5 press;. and a common means `for bathing the barrels oi' both said main and feeding presses with cooling medium expressed by said main and feeding presses to reduce the temperature of the presses, the bathing means for the vertical barrel including baille means for directing the flow in succession through axial, lateral and axial paths along the vertical barrel. RAYMOND T, ANDERSON. 

